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Brief History of Nudism-Naturism
Ancient world didn't know any clothes, and a loincloth served to protect the most vulnerable parts of the body from damage during hunting or gathering fruits. Ancient Greeks worshiped pagan gods personifying the forces of Nature. They believed that a human body is a perfection itself. All athletes taking part in the Olympic games were naked. Ancient Sparta men and women played sports not wearing any clothes as well. The cult of physical fitness lived long in the ancient history and reached our days with its statues and pictures of naked body, aesthetically perfect and with no trace of any erotic character. In Middle Ages, in Europe, at the peak of inquisition, any liberty of human thought differing from that of upper priesthood was persecuted. Naked body was not an exception. Icons were painted again, and clothes became so abundant in style that it looked and felt quite awkward. Renaissance was a reaction to the human origin intimidation era. It granted the world many masterpieces of art and culture. Based on the biblical plot, artists had extolled the beauty and perfection of a human body. Since late 19th century, the Western Europe society had become more tolerant to the naked human body. First nudist beaches appeared in Germany in 1893. In the beginning of 20th century a German psychiatrist Henry Tudor offered a system of physical and psychological rehabilitation based on dances and sport exercise of naked people in the open air (we would call it aerobics). He is thought to be a founder of the modern nudism. After the World War II the united western society got another push for development of nudism. An important tendency was to eliminate the class, religion, national and other boundaries between different people. Tolerance to individual differences found its reflection in naturism as well. The number of naturist centers and clubs was growing beyond dozens of thousands, and the number of members beyond dozens of millions. In the 50s the International Naturism Federation (INF), which embraced over 30 national federations was established. This movement is the most developed in Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Denmark, Finland. In Western Europe those are France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands. In North America - USA and Canada. Slavic, and Ukrainian naturism in particular finds its roots in pagan religion. The Ioanna Kupala day, which is still celebrated, represents a merger of a human with Nature, purification through rituals of jumping over the fire and washing in the water. Of course, no clothes is necessary. No matter how strangely it sounds, but according to a German guest, men and women sunbathed naked on the beaches of Kiev in the end of 19th century. He writes: Something we have been struggling for in our home does exist here. Nudism boom in Russia took place in 20s of 20th century. But it used to be a challenge, a challenge to philistines. We know about marches of naked people in Kharkov with their slogans to be: No Shame. It is natural to understand that it is not a characteristic of modern naturism. During the Stalin era, nudists and esperantists were persecuted for their foreign relations (not for ideology reasons), imprisoned and executed. The only nudist beach in the former USSR, which never interrupted its functioning, was a huge and hard-to-get-to beach in Fox Bay, Crimea, next to Koktebel. The Thaw of 60s gave new life into Soviet nudism. There again appeared wild and hard-to-reach for a authoritative hand beaches. It was only in the Baltic counties whose culture was the closest to the Western that those beaches were open. Though, there was a wire fence that served a border line between male and female sections. The most couragable were closer to the border line, and those shy were watching from quite a distance. With the beginning of the Perestroika that border crumbled. The first official nudist beach was opened in 1989 on Riga Seashore. Then came "Silver Bor" in Moscow, a beach on Finnish Bay in St. Petersburg, and a beach in Kiev HydroPark.
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